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Using prime factorization

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Learn it From a prime factorization you can find GCF (shared primes, smaller powers), LCM (all primes, larger powers), the number of factors (add 1 to each exponent and multiply), and whether a number is a perfect square (all exponents even).

Example: $72 = 2^3 \times 3^2$. How many factors? Smallest multiplier to make a square?

  1. Factors: $(3 + 1)(2 + 1) = 12$.
  2. Exponent of 2 is odd (3); exponent of 3 is even.
  3. Multiply by 2: $144 = 12^2$.

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