Simplify rational expressions by factoring

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Learn it Factor the top and the bottom, then cancel any factor that appears in both. You can only cancel factors (things multiplied), never terms that are added. The expression is undefined wherever the original bottom equals 0.

Example: Simplify (x² − 9)/(x² + x − 6).

Top: (x − 3)(x + 3). Bottom: (x + 3)(x − 2).
Cancel (x + 3): (x − 3)/(x − 2), x ≠ −3, 2.

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