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Hypothesis tests, p-values and errors

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Useful for: AP® Statistics IB Math AI SL & HL

Learn it H₀ is the 'no effect' claim; Hₐ is what you suspect. If the p-value < α (often 0.05), reject H₀. Type I error: rejecting a true H₀. Type II error: failing to reject a false H₀.

Example: A coin gives 62 heads in 100 flips; p-value = 0.012. At α = 0.05?

  1. 0.012 < 0.05.
  2. Reject H₀: evidence the coin is biased.

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