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Probability rules: complements, or, and independence

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Useful for: IB Math AA SL & HL IB Math AI SL & HL AP® Statistics MBF3C

Learn it P(not A) = 1 − P(A). P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) − P(A and B). A and B are independent if P(A and B) = P(A) × P(B).

Example: P(rain) = 0.3, P(wind) = 0.4, P(both) = 0.12. Independent?

  1. 0.3 × 0.4 = 0.12, which equals P(both).
  2. Yes, independent.

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