Spearman's rank correlation

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Learn it Rank both variables, find each difference d in ranks, then rₛ = 1 − 6Σd²/[n(n² − 1)]. rₛ near 1 or −1 means a strong monotonic (always increasing or always decreasing) relationship, even if it isn't a straight line.

Example: n = 5, Σd² = 4.

rₛ = 1 − 6(4)/[5(24)] = 1 − 0.2.
0.8: a strong positive relationship.

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