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Vertex form by completing the square

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Learn it To get vertex form from $x^2 + bx + c$: take half of b, square it, add and subtract it, then write the perfect square.

Example: Write $y = x^2 + 6x + 2$ in vertex form.

  1. Half of 6 is 3, and $3^2 = 9$.
  2. $y = (x^2 + 6x + 9) - 9 + 2$.
  3. $y = (x + 3)^2 - 7$. Vertex (−3, −7).

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